NATO's ten-year Strategic Concept highlights Chinese 'challenges' for 1st time, warns about Beijing's growing military ambitions The strategic document directed its harshest language at Russia, but the mere mention of China was significant; the 2010 document did not discuss China. The official turn by NATO puts the world's largest military alliance based on the United States armed forces on guard against a country with the world's second-largest economy and rapidly growing military, both in numbers and in top-notch technology.